What 16 backfires have in common

Every case we have torn down, counted by the patterns behind it, how far the harm reached, how long it took to show and who paid. 16 cases is a small sample, so read these as what we have collected, not how all backfires behave. Hover or tap any mark for the cases behind it.

The ten patterns The Categoric Table

16 Cases tagged
10of 10 Patterns seen
12of 16 Global harm
14of 16 Slow or impossible to undo
12of 16 More than one pattern

Which patterns show up

Cases per pattern. Solid is the main pattern; outlined means also present.

01Solve a shortage, create a surplus 1
02Too stable to go away 4
03The problem moves 9
04Great for one, bad for all 6
05Chasing the wrong number 1
06The cure breeds resistance 3
07The reward gets gamed 1
08Cheap now, paid later 4
09The lesson flipped 1
10The risk piles up 1

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Pattern	Main	Also
Solve a shortage, create a surplus	1	0
Too stable to go away	2	2
The problem moves	3	6
Great for one, bad for all	3	3
Chasing the wrong number	1	0
The cure breeds resistance	2	1
The reward gets gamed	0	1
Cheap now, paid later	2	2
The lesson flipped	1	0
The risk piles up	1	0

How far and how slow

Cases by how far the harm reached, against how long it took to show. Brighter means more.

Time lag →Under a yearYearsDecadesGenerationsGlobal·561National··2·Regional·11·Local····

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Scale	Years	Decades	Generations
Global	5	6	1
National	0	2	0
Regional	1	1	0
Local	0	0	0

When the fixes began

The year each fix was invented or first shown to work, in the color of its main pattern.

186018801900192019401960198020002020

No Ma Ba Ha Ba Mi Mo Si Mü Ju Th Bo Fr Be Zu Zu

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Year	Case	Main pattern
1867	Alfred Nobel	The problem moves
1904	Lizzie Magie	The lesson flipped
1907	Leo Baekeland	Too stable to go away
1909	Fritz Haber	Solve a shortage, create a surplus
1916	Edward M. Bassett	Cheap now, paid later
1921	Thomas Midgley Jr.	The problem moves
1930	Robert Moses	Great for one, bad for all
1935	Ferdinand Silcox	The risk piles up
1939	Paul Müller	Too stable to go away
1949	Thomas H. Jukes	The cure breeds resistance
1961	Sten Gustaf Thulin	Great for one, bad for all
1963	Norman Borlaug	Cheap now, paid later
1970	John Franz	The cure breeds resistance
1989	Tim Berners-Lee	The problem moves
1997	Ethan Zuckerman	Great for one, bad for all
2018	Mark Zuckerberg	Chasing the wrong number

Who pays

Cases where each group carried the cost. Most cases have more than one.

The people it served10
Bystanders and other groups12
Future generations8
Ecosystems and other species6

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Who pays	Cases
The people it served	10
Bystanders and other groups	12
Future generations	8
Ecosystems and other species	6

Patterns that travel together

Pairs of patterns found in the same case.

Great for one, bad for all + The problem moves5
Great for one, bad for all + Cheap now, paid later2
The problem moves + Too stable to go away2
The risk piles up + Cheap now, paid later1
Great for one, bad for all + The cure breeds resistance1
Great for one, bad for all + Too stable to go away1
The reward gets gamed + Chasing the wrong number1
Cheap now, paid later + The problem moves1
Cheap now, paid later + Too stable to go away1
The problem moves + The cure breeds resistance1
The problem moves + Solve a shortage, create a surplus1
The cure breeds resistance + Too stable to go away1

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Pair	Cases
Great for one, bad for all + The problem moves	Robert Moses, Edward M. Bassett, Thomas H. Jukes, Ethan Zuckerman, Sten Gustaf Thulin
Great for one, bad for all + Cheap now, paid later	Norman Borlaug, Edward M. Bassett
The problem moves + Too stable to go away	Thomas Midgley Jr., Sten Gustaf Thulin
The risk piles up + Cheap now, paid later	Ferdinand Silcox
Great for one, bad for all + The cure breeds resistance	Thomas H. Jukes
Great for one, bad for all + Too stable to go away	Sten Gustaf Thulin
The reward gets gamed + Chasing the wrong number	Mark Zuckerberg
Cheap now, paid later + The problem moves	Edward M. Bassett
Cheap now, paid later + Too stable to go away	Leo Baekeland
The problem moves + The cure breeds resistance	Thomas H. Jukes
The problem moves + Solve a shortage, create a surplus	Fritz Haber
The cure breeds resistance + Too stable to go away	Paul Müller

Impact over time: Thomas Midgley Jr.

What the fixes gave and what they cost, year by year. Each measure has its own scale; dollar figures come from separate studies and are not added together.

US lead emissions from highway vehiclesthousand short tons of lead per year · USharm

172
Lead content of US leaded gasolinegrams of lead per leaded gallon · UScontext

1.1
Median blood lead, US children ages 1 to 5micrograms per deciliter (ug/dL) · USharm

15
Share of each US birth cohort with early childhood blood lead above 5 ug/dLpercent of birth cohort (alive in 2015) · USharm

100
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)metric tons per year · worldcontext

813K
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each yearmillion square kilometers · Antarcticaharm

29.9
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)index (0 to 100) · Antarcticaharm

100
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)watts per square meter · worldharm

0.35axis starts at 0.171

192019401960198020002020204020602080

HarmBenefitProjected

In dollars, where studies estimate it 8

Harm avoided$2.45 trillion a year Global annual benefit of ending leaded petrol (cost of leaded petrol avoided) per year after global phase-out (2021 on)UNEP press release, Era of leaded petrol over, eliminating a major threat to human and planetary health, 30 August 2021; underlying study Tsai PL and Hatfield TH, Global benefits from the phaseout of leaded fuel, J Environ Health 74(5):8-14, 2011
Harm avoided$110 billion to 319 billion US productivity gain per birth cohort from lower child blood lead since 1976 each annual cohort of 2-year-olds, late 1990sGrosse SD, Matte TD, Schwartz J, Jackson RJ. Economic gains resulting from the reduction in children's exposure to lead in the United States. Environ Health Perspect 2002;110(6):563-569, in 2000 dollars
Harm avoided$1.32 billion a year Net benefit of the 1985 US lead phasedown in 1986 (excluding blood pressure) 1986US EPA Journal, Vol. 11 No. 4, May 1985, Phasing Down Lead in Gasoline, in 1983 dollars
Benefit$608 million a year Value of lead as cheap octane: added US refining cost to remove it, 1986 1986US EPA Journal, Vol. 11 No. 4, May 1985, Phasing Down Lead in Gasoline, in 1983 dollars
Harm$977 billion a year Annual cost of childhood lead exposure in low and middle income countries (all sources) 2011Attina TM, Trasande L. Economic costs of childhood lead exposure in low- and middle-income countries. Environ Health Perspect 2013;121(9):1097-1102, in 2011 dollars
Harm avoided$4.2 trillion US societal health benefit of protecting the ozone layer 1990 to 2165US EPA, The Montreal Protocol: A Landmark Environmental Treaty (backgrounder, 2007), citing EPA Achievements in Stratospheric Ozone Protection progress report, April 2007
Harm avoided$1.4 trillion to 3.5 trillion US present value of avoided skin cancers from CFC and halon controls (1988 RIA) people born before 2075US EPA, Regulatory Impact Analysis: Protection of Stratospheric Ozone, Volume I, August 1, 1988, in 1985 dollars
Benefit$24 billion to 65 billion US present value cost of cutting CFC and halon use (value CFCs provided) through 2075For the strictest option. A freeze alone was estimated at $7 billion to 19 billion.US EPA, Regulatory Impact Analysis: Protection of Stratospheric Ozone, Volume I, August 1, 1988, in 1985 dollars

Not yet quantified 3

The dollar damage the ozone hole actually did, year by year (studies estimate harm avoided by the Montreal Protocol, not harm that happened).
A yearly value for what the fixes gave: the octane and engine efficiency of leaded gasoline, and the safer refrigeration Freon made possible.
US lead added to gasoline each year before 1970 (in the Bureau of Mines yearbooks, not yet transcribed).

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Series	Year	Value	Source
US lead emissions from highway vehicles	1970	172 thousand short tons of lead per year	US EPA, National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Update 1970-1997, as tabulated in BTS National Transportation Statistics 2001, Table 4-46 (Estimated National Emissions of Lead)
US lead emissions from highway vehicles	1975	130 thousand short tons of lead per year	US EPA, National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Update 1970-1997, as tabulated in BTS National Transportation Statistics 2001, Table 4-46 (Estimated National Emissions of Lead)
US lead emissions from highway vehicles	1980	60.5 thousand short tons of lead per year	US EPA, National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Update 1970-1997, as tabulated in BTS National Transportation Statistics 2001, Table 4-46 (Estimated National Emissions of Lead)
US lead emissions from highway vehicles	1985	18.1 thousand short tons of lead per year	US EPA, National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Update 1970-1997, as tabulated in BTS National Transportation Statistics 2001, Table 4-46 (Estimated National Emissions of Lead)
US lead emissions from highway vehicles	1986	10.3 thousand short tons of lead per year	US EPA, National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Update 1970-1997, as tabulated in BTS National Transportation Statistics 2001, Table 4-46 (Estimated National Emissions of Lead)
US lead emissions from highway vehicles	1987	3.32 thousand short tons of lead per year	US EPA, National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Update 1970-1997, as tabulated in BTS National Transportation Statistics 2001, Table 4-46 (Estimated National Emissions of Lead)
US lead emissions from highway vehicles	1988	2.57 thousand short tons of lead per year	US EPA, National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Update 1970-1997, as tabulated in BTS National Transportation Statistics 2001, Table 4-46 (Estimated National Emissions of Lead)
US lead emissions from highway vehicles	1989	0.98 thousand short tons of lead per year	US EPA, National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Update 1970-1997, as tabulated in BTS National Transportation Statistics 2001, Table 4-46 (Estimated National Emissions of Lead)
US lead emissions from highway vehicles	1990	0.42 thousand short tons of lead per year	US EPA, National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Update 1970-1997, as tabulated in BTS National Transportation Statistics 2001, Table 4-46 (Estimated National Emissions of Lead)
US lead emissions from highway vehicles	1991	0.02 thousand short tons of lead per year	US EPA, National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Update 1970-1997, as tabulated in BTS National Transportation Statistics 2001, Table 4-46 (Estimated National Emissions of Lead)
US lead emissions from highway vehicles	1992	0.02 thousand short tons of lead per year	US EPA, National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Update 1970-1997, as tabulated in BTS National Transportation Statistics 2001, Table 4-46 (Estimated National Emissions of Lead)
US lead emissions from highway vehicles	1993	0.02 thousand short tons of lead per year	US EPA, National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Update 1970-1997, as tabulated in BTS National Transportation Statistics 2001, Table 4-46 (Estimated National Emissions of Lead)
US lead emissions from highway vehicles	1994	0.02 thousand short tons of lead per year	US EPA, National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Update 1970-1997, as tabulated in BTS National Transportation Statistics 2001, Table 4-46 (Estimated National Emissions of Lead)
US lead emissions from highway vehicles	1995	0.02 thousand short tons of lead per year	US EPA, National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Update 1970-1997, as tabulated in BTS National Transportation Statistics 2001, Table 4-46 (Estimated National Emissions of Lead)
US lead emissions from highway vehicles	1996	0.02 thousand short tons of lead per year	US EPA, National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Update 1970-1997, as tabulated in BTS National Transportation Statistics 2001, Table 4-46 (Estimated National Emissions of Lead)
US lead emissions from highway vehicles	1997	0.02 thousand short tons of lead per year	US EPA, National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Update 1970-1997, as tabulated in BTS National Transportation Statistics 2001, Table 4-46 (Estimated National Emissions of Lead)
US lead emissions from highway vehicles	1998	0.02 thousand short tons of lead per year	US EPA, National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Update 1970-1997, as tabulated in BTS National Transportation Statistics 2001, Table 4-46 (Estimated National Emissions of Lead)
US lead emissions from highway vehicles	1999	0.02 thousand short tons of lead per year	US EPA, National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Update 1970-1997, as tabulated in BTS National Transportation Statistics 2001, Table 4-46 (Estimated National Emissions of Lead)
Lead content of US leaded gasoline	1973	grams of lead per leaded gallon	US EPA press release, EPA Takes Final Step in Phaseout of Leaded Gasoline, January 29, 1996
Lead content of US leaded gasoline	1984	1.1 grams of lead per leaded gallon	US EPA Journal, Vol. 11 No. 4, May 1985, Phasing Down Lead in Gasoline
Lead content of US leaded gasoline	1985	0.5 grams of lead per leaded gallon	US EPA Journal, Vol. 11 No. 4, May 1985, Phasing Down Lead in Gasoline
Lead content of US leaded gasoline	1986	0.1 grams of lead per leaded gallon	US EPA Journal, Vol. 11 No. 4, May 1985, Phasing Down Lead in Gasoline
Lead content of US leaded gasoline	1996	0 grams of lead per leaded gallon	US EPA press release, EPA Takes Final Step in Phaseout of Leaded Gasoline, January 29, 1996
Median blood lead, US children ages 1 to 5	1978	15 micrograms per deciliter (ug/dL)	US EPA, America's Children and the Environment, Table B1 (data: CDC NCHS and NCEH, NHANES), August 2019 update
Median blood lead, US children ages 1 to 5	1989	3.5 micrograms per deciliter (ug/dL)	US EPA, America's Children and the Environment, Table B1 (data: CDC NCHS and NCEH, NHANES), August 2019 update
Median blood lead, US children ages 1 to 5	1992	2.6 micrograms per deciliter (ug/dL)	US EPA, America's Children and the Environment, Table B1 (data: CDC NCHS and NCEH, NHANES), August 2019 update
Median blood lead, US children ages 1 to 5	1999	2.2 micrograms per deciliter (ug/dL)	US EPA, America's Children and the Environment, Table B1 (data: CDC NCHS and NCEH, NHANES), August 2019 update
Median blood lead, US children ages 1 to 5	2001	1.6 micrograms per deciliter (ug/dL)	US EPA, America's Children and the Environment, Table B1 (data: CDC NCHS and NCEH, NHANES), August 2019 update
Median blood lead, US children ages 1 to 5	2003	1.6 micrograms per deciliter (ug/dL)	US EPA, America's Children and the Environment, Table B1 (data: CDC NCHS and NCEH, NHANES), August 2019 update
Median blood lead, US children ages 1 to 5	2005	1.4 micrograms per deciliter (ug/dL)	US EPA, America's Children and the Environment, Table B1 (data: CDC NCHS and NCEH, NHANES), August 2019 update
Median blood lead, US children ages 1 to 5	2007	1.4 micrograms per deciliter (ug/dL)	US EPA, America's Children and the Environment, Table B1 (data: CDC NCHS and NCEH, NHANES), August 2019 update
Median blood lead, US children ages 1 to 5	2009	1.2 micrograms per deciliter (ug/dL)	US EPA, America's Children and the Environment, Table B1 (data: CDC NCHS and NCEH, NHANES), August 2019 update
Median blood lead, US children ages 1 to 5	2011	1 micrograms per deciliter (ug/dL)	US EPA, America's Children and the Environment, Table B1 (data: CDC NCHS and NCEH, NHANES), August 2019 update
Median blood lead, US children ages 1 to 5	2013	0.7 micrograms per deciliter (ug/dL)	US EPA, America's Children and the Environment, Table B1 (data: CDC NCHS and NCEH, NHANES), August 2019 update
Median blood lead, US children ages 1 to 5	2015	0.7 micrograms per deciliter (ug/dL)	US EPA, America's Children and the Environment, Table B1 (data: CDC NCHS and NCEH, NHANES), August 2019 update
Median blood lead, US children ages 1 to 5	2018	0.6 micrograms per deciliter (ug/dL)	US EPA, America's Children and the Environment, Biomonitoring: Lead (Indicator B1), web update 2023
Share of each US birth cohort with early childhood blood lead above 5 ug/dL	1940	50.9 percent of birth cohort (alive in 2015)	McFarland MJ, Hauer ME, Reuben A. Half of US population exposed to adverse lead levels in early childhood. PNAS 2022;119(11):e2118631119
Share of each US birth cohort with early childhood blood lead above 5 ug/dL	1946	62.8 percent of birth cohort (alive in 2015)	McFarland MJ, Hauer ME, Reuben A. Half of US population exposed to adverse lead levels in early childhood. PNAS 2022;119(11):e2118631119
Share of each US birth cohort with early childhood blood lead above 5 ug/dL	1951	89.6 percent of birth cohort (alive in 2015)	McFarland MJ, Hauer ME, Reuben A. Half of US population exposed to adverse lead levels in early childhood. PNAS 2022;119(11):e2118631119
Share of each US birth cohort with early childhood blood lead above 5 ug/dL	1956	93.7 percent of birth cohort (alive in 2015)	McFarland MJ, Hauer ME, Reuben A. Half of US population exposed to adverse lead levels in early childhood. PNAS 2022;119(11):e2118631119
Share of each US birth cohort with early childhood blood lead above 5 ug/dL	1961	97.1 percent of birth cohort (alive in 2015)	McFarland MJ, Hauer ME, Reuben A. Half of US population exposed to adverse lead levels in early childhood. PNAS 2022;119(11):e2118631119
Share of each US birth cohort with early childhood blood lead above 5 ug/dL	1966	100 percent of birth cohort (alive in 2015)	McFarland MJ, Hauer ME, Reuben A. Half of US population exposed to adverse lead levels in early childhood. PNAS 2022;119(11):e2118631119
Share of each US birth cohort with early childhood blood lead above 5 ug/dL	1971	100 percent of birth cohort (alive in 2015)	McFarland MJ, Hauer ME, Reuben A. Half of US population exposed to adverse lead levels in early childhood. PNAS 2022;119(11):e2118631119
Share of each US birth cohort with early childhood blood lead above 5 ug/dL	1976	99 percent of birth cohort (alive in 2015)	McFarland MJ, Hauer ME, Reuben A. Half of US population exposed to adverse lead levels in early childhood. PNAS 2022;119(11):e2118631119
Share of each US birth cohort with early childhood blood lead above 5 ug/dL	1981	72.5 percent of birth cohort (alive in 2015)	McFarland MJ, Hauer ME, Reuben A. Half of US population exposed to adverse lead levels in early childhood. PNAS 2022;119(11):e2118631119
Share of each US birth cohort with early childhood blood lead above 5 ug/dL	1986	37 percent of birth cohort (alive in 2015)	McFarland MJ, Hauer ME, Reuben A. Half of US population exposed to adverse lead levels in early childhood. PNAS 2022;119(11):e2118631119
Share of each US birth cohort with early childhood blood lead above 5 ug/dL	1991	23.8 percent of birth cohort (alive in 2015)	McFarland MJ, Hauer ME, Reuben A. Half of US population exposed to adverse lead levels in early childhood. PNAS 2022;119(11):e2118631119
Share of each US birth cohort with early childhood blood lead above 5 ug/dL	1996	13.1 percent of birth cohort (alive in 2015)	McFarland MJ, Hauer ME, Reuben A. Half of US population exposed to adverse lead levels in early childhood. PNAS 2022;119(11):e2118631119
Share of each US birth cohort with early childhood blood lead above 5 ug/dL	2001	6.2 percent of birth cohort (alive in 2015)	McFarland MJ, Hauer ME, Reuben A. Half of US population exposed to adverse lead levels in early childhood. PNAS 2022;119(11):e2118631119
Share of each US birth cohort with early childhood blood lead above 5 ug/dL	2006	2.9 percent of birth cohort (alive in 2015)	McFarland MJ, Hauer ME, Reuben A. Half of US population exposed to adverse lead levels in early childhood. PNAS 2022;119(11):e2118631119
Share of each US birth cohort with early childhood blood lead above 5 ug/dL	2011	1.4 percent of birth cohort (alive in 2015)	McFarland MJ, Hauer ME, Reuben A. Half of US population exposed to adverse lead levels in early childhood. PNAS 2022;119(11):e2118631119
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1931	544 metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1932	136 metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1933	318 metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1934	725 metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1935	1040 metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1936	1820 metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1937	3220 metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1938	2900 metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1939	4040 metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1940	4720 metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1941	6530 metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1942	6260 metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1943	8620 metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1944	17.1K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1945	20.5K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1946	17.4K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1947	21.5K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1948	27.8K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1949	30.6K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1950	41.2K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1951	45.3K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1952	50.8K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1953	63.8K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1954	70K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1955	83.9K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1956	101K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1957	108K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1958	103K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1959	123K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1960	149K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1961	169K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1962	206K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1963	240K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1964	281K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1965	313K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1966	357K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1967	403K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1968	451K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1969	515K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1970	559K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1971	605K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1972	687K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1973	772K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1974	813K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1975	695K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1976	751K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1977	703K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1978	681K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1979	647K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1980	640K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1981	638K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1982	599K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1983	647K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1984	694K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1985	703K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1986	749K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1987	807K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1988	797K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1989	682K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1990	464K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1991	438K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1992	403K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1993	362K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1994	194K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1995	116K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1996	71K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1997	51.5K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1998	47.9K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	1999	40K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Global production of CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Freon)	2000	34.5K metric tons per year	AFEAS, Annual Global Fluorocarbon Production (metric tons), as posted by UNFCCC
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	1979	1.1 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	1980	3.3 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	1981	3.1 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	1982	10.8 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	1983	12.2 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	1984	14.7 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	1985	18.8 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	1986	14.4 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	1987	22.5 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	1988	13.8 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	1989	21.7 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	1990	21.1 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	1991	22.6 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	1992	24.9 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	1993	25.8 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	1994	25.2 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	1996	26.9 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	1997	25.1 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	1998	27.9 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	1999	25.8 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2000	29.9 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2001	26.5 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2002	21.9 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2003	28.4 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2004	22.8 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2005	27.2 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2006	29.6 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2007	25.2 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2008	27 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2009	24.4 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2010	22.6 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2011	26.1 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2012	21.1 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2013	24 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2014	24.1 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2015	28.2 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2016	22.8 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2017	19.6 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2018	24.8 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2019	16.4 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2020	24.8 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2021	24.8 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2022	26.5 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2023	26 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2024	22.4 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic ozone hole, maximum area each year	2025	22.9 million square kilometers	NASA Ozone Watch, Annual Records (maximum Antarctic ozone hole area)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	1992	69.6 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	1993	75.7 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	1994	81.6 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	1995	86.8 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	1996	91.1 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	1997	94.5 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	1998	96.8 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	1999	98.4 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2000	99.4 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2001	100 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2002	100 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2003	99.3 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2004	98.3 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2005	97.1 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2006	95.9 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2007	94.6 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2008	93.3 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2009	91.9 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2010	90.6 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2011	89.1 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2012	87.5 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2013	86 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2014	84.6 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2015	83.2 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2016	81.7 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2017	80.4 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2018	79.2 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2019	78 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2020	76.7 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2021	75.4 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2022	74.2 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2023	72.9 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2024	71.6 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Ozone Depleting Gas Index (ODGI), Table 1 (Antarctic)
Antarctic Ozone Depleting Gas Index (100 = peak, 0 = 1980 level)	2070 (projected)	0 index (0 to 100)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, ODGI page, citing WMO/UNEP 2022 scenarios
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	1979	0.194 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	1980	0.204 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	1981	0.215 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	1982	0.226 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	1983	0.237 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	1984	0.248 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	1985	0.26 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	1986	0.273 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	1987	0.287 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	1988	0.304 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	1989	0.317 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	1990	0.327 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	1991	0.335 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	1992	0.343 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	1993	0.346 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	1994	0.348 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	1995	0.349 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	1996	0.35 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	1997	0.35 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	1998	0.35 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	1999	0.35 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2000	0.349 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2001	0.348 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2002	0.347 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2003	0.345 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2004	0.344 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2005	0.342 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2006	0.34 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2007	0.338 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2008	0.336 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2009	0.334 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2010	0.331 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2011	0.329 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2012	0.327 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2013	0.324 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2014	0.322 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2015	0.32 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2016	0.318 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2017	0.316 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2018	0.314 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2019	0.312 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2020	0.309 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2021	0.306 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2022	0.303 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2023	0.301 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2
Global warming effect of CFCs (radiative forcing)	2024	0.298 watts per square meter	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI), Table 2

Impact over time: Fritz Haber

What the fixes gave and what they cost, year by year. Each measure has its own scale; dollar figures come from separate studies and are not added together.

World farm use of nitrogen fertilizermillion tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year · Worldbenefit

115
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year · Worldcontext

160
Share of world population fed by Haber-Bosch nitrogenpercent of world population · Worldbenefit

48
World cereal productionmillion tonnes per year · Worldbenefit

3130
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)square miles · Northern Gulf of Mexico (Louisiana and Texas shelf)harm

8770
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya riversthousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year · Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin outlet to the Gulf of Mexicoharm

1650
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphereparts per billion (ppb) · Globalharm

339axis starts at 2601750: 270
Reactive nitrogen created by people (all sources)million tonnes of nitrogen (Tg N) per year · Worldharm

1871860: 15 · 1890: 15

1900192019401960198020002020

HarmBenefitProjected

In dollars, where studies estimate it 6

Harm$103 billion to 471 billion Damage from nitrogen pollution in Europe (European Nitrogen Assessment) per year, late 2000sAll nitrogen pollution in Europe, from farms and from burning fuel, costs society this much each year in health, ecosystem and climate damage.Sutton and others, The European Nitrogen Assessment, Summary for Policy Makers (Cambridge University Press, 2011), in 2008 dollars
Harm$110 billion to 714 billion Social cost of nitrogen in the EU27, 2008 2008A later, wider estimate for the EU in 2008, all nitrogen sources.van Grinsven and others, Costs and Benefits of Nitrogen for Europe and Implications for Mitigation, Environmental Science and Technology 47, 3571 to 3579 (2013), abstract, in 2008 dollars
Harm$51.5 billion to 339 billion Pollution cost of farm nitrogen in the EU27 per year, 2008The part of the damage that comes from farm nitrogen alone. Compare with the benefit to farmers.van Grinsven and others, Costs and Benefits of Nitrogen for Europe and Implications for Mitigation, Environmental Science and Technology 47, 3571 to 3579 (2013), abstract, in 2008 dollars
Benefit$29.5 billion to 118 billion Economic benefit of nitrogen to EU farm production per year, 2008Extra crop value European farmers get from nitrogen each year. In this study the damage from farm nitrogen is larger.van Grinsven and others, Costs and Benefits of Nitrogen for Europe and Implications for Mitigation, Environmental Science and Technology 47, 3571 to 3579 (2013), abstract, in 2008 dollars
Harm$81 billion to 441 billion a year Health and environmental damage from human nitrogen in the US per year, early 2000sNitrogen pollution from all human sources costs the US this much a year, mostly through fresh water and air.Sobota, Compton, McCrackin and Singh, Cost of reactive nitrogen release from human activities to the environment in the United States, Environmental Research Letters 10, 025006 (2015), in 2008 dollars
Cost of the fix$2.7 billion a year Yearly farm conservation cost to meet the Gulf dead zone goal per year, modeledModeled cost of the cheapest plan to meet the goal. The strictest option ran up to $5.6 billion a year.Rabotyagov and others, Cost-effective targeting of conservation investments to reduce the northern Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone, PNAS 111(52), 18530 to 18535 (2014)

Not yet quantified 4

Synthetic ammonia made each year from 1913 to 1945 (official yearly figures start in 1946).
How much Haber-Bosch nitrogen went into German explosives in World War I.
A dollar figure for what the dead zone costs Gulf fisheries.
A world dollar value of the extra food grown with synthetic nitrogen (only an EU estimate exists).

Show as a table

Series	Year	Value	Source
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1961	11.5 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1962	13 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1963	14.6 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1964	16.4 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1965	18.9 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1966	22 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1967	24 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1968	26.2 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1969	28.3 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1970	31.6 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1971	33.6 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1972	36.1 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1973	39 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1974	38.6 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1975	43.9 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1976	45.2 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1977	49.3 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1978	54 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1979	57 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1980	60.6 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1981	60.7 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1982	61.7 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1983	66.5 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1984	70.7 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1985	70.7 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1986	72.5 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1987	75.7 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1988	79.5 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1989	78.7 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1990	77.2 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1991	75.6 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1992	74.3 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1993	72.6 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1994	73.1 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1995	78.7 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1996	83.2 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1997	81.3 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1998	82.8 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	1999	85 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2000	81 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2001	82 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2002	84.4 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2003	87.2 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2004	89.5 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2005	90.1 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2006	93 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2007	96.3 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2008	94.6 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2009	97.2 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2010	101 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2011	105 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2012	105 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2013	107 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2014	108 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2015	107 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2016	108 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2017	110 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2018	109 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2019	109 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2020	115 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2021	113 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2022	109 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2023	112 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World farm use of nitrogen fertilizer	2024	115 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Fertilizers by Nutrient (RFN), World, Nutrient nitrogen N (total), bulk download Inputs_FertilizersNutrient_E_All_Data (Normalized), accessed 2026-10-21
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1946	2.38 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1947	3.33 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1948	3.95 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1949	4.56 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1950	4.81 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1951	5.24 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1952	5.3 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1953	6.45 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1954	7.3 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1955	8.07 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1956	8.62 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1957	9.27 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1958	10.8 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1959	11.8 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1960	12.9 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1961	14 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1962	11.9 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1963	17.1 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1964	19.4 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1965	21.8 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1966	25 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1967	28.7 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1968	32.1 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1969	35.9 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1970	38.8 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1971	41.1 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1972	43 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1973	46.7 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1974	48.4 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1975	49.5 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1976	56.9 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1977	62 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1978	67.2 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1979	71.1 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1980	73.6 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1981	77 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1982	75.9 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1983	80.4 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1984	88.6 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1985	91 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1986	91.1 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1987	95.1 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1988	99.3 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1989	99.3 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1990	97.5 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1991	93.8 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1992	93.4 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1993	91.6 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1994	93.8 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1995	100 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1996	105 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1997	103 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1998	104 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	1999	107 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2000	108 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2001	105 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2002	109 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2003	110 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2004	117 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2005	122 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2006	125 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2007	131 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2008	128 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2009	128 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2010	132 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2011	139 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2012	145 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2013	140 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2014	140 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2015	142 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2016	144 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2017	141 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2018	142 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2019	145 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2020	150 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2021	149 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2022	145 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia statistics, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Data Series 140 (last modified January 9, 2024), column World production
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2023	152 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2024	156 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia
World ammonia production (nitrogen content)	2025	160 million tonnes of nitrogen (N) per year	USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Nitrogen (fixed) ammonia
Share of world population fed by Haber-Bosch nitrogen	1900	0 percent of world population	Our World in Data, World population with and without synthetic nitrogen fertilizers (values read off Erisman and others 2008, Figure 1)
Share of world population fed by Haber-Bosch nitrogen	1910	0.5 percent of world population	Our World in Data, World population with and without synthetic nitrogen fertilizers (values read off Erisman and others 2008, Figure 1)
Share of world population fed by Haber-Bosch nitrogen	1920	2.8 percent of world population	Our World in Data, World population with and without synthetic nitrogen fertilizers (values read off Erisman and others 2008, Figure 1)
Share of world population fed by Haber-Bosch nitrogen	1930	5 percent of world population	Our World in Data, World population with and without synthetic nitrogen fertilizers (values read off Erisman and others 2008, Figure 1)
Share of world population fed by Haber-Bosch nitrogen	1940	7 percent of world population	Our World in Data, World population with and without synthetic nitrogen fertilizers (values read off Erisman and others 2008, Figure 1)
Share of world population fed by Haber-Bosch nitrogen	1950	8 percent of world population	Our World in Data, World population with and without synthetic nitrogen fertilizers (values read off Erisman and others 2008, Figure 1)
Share of world population fed by Haber-Bosch nitrogen	1960	13 percent of world population	Our World in Data, World population with and without synthetic nitrogen fertilizers (values read off Erisman and others 2008, Figure 1)
Share of world population fed by Haber-Bosch nitrogen	1970	24 percent of world population	Our World in Data, World population with and without synthetic nitrogen fertilizers (values read off Erisman and others 2008, Figure 1)
Share of world population fed by Haber-Bosch nitrogen	1980	30 percent of world population	Our World in Data, World population with and without synthetic nitrogen fertilizers (values read off Erisman and others 2008, Figure 1)
Share of world population fed by Haber-Bosch nitrogen	1990	40 percent of world population	Our World in Data, World population with and without synthetic nitrogen fertilizers (values read off Erisman and others 2008, Figure 1)
Share of world population fed by Haber-Bosch nitrogen	2000	44 percent of world population	Erisman, Sutton, Galloway, Klimont and Winiwarter, How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world, Nature Geoscience 1, 636 to 639 (2008)
Share of world population fed by Haber-Bosch nitrogen	2008	48 percent of world population	Erisman, Sutton, Galloway, Klimont and Winiwarter, How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world, Nature Geoscience 1, 636 to 639 (2008)
World cereal production	1961	877 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1962	933 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1963	949 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1964	1000 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1965	999 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1966	1080 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1967	1120 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1968	1160 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1969	1170 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1970	1190 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1971	1300 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1972	1260 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1973	1360 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1974	1330 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1975	1360 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1976	1460 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1977	1460 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1978	1580 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1979	1540 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1980	1550 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1981	1630 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1982	1690 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1983	1630 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1984	1790 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1985	1820 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1986	1830 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1987	1770 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1988	1730 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1989	1870 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1990	1950 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1991	1890 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1992	1970 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1993	1900 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1994	1960 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1995	1890 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1996	2050 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1997	2090 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1998	2070 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	1999	2080 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2000	2060 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2001	2110 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2002	2040 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2003	2100 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2004	2280 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2005	2260 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2006	2240 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2007	2350 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2008	2520 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2009	2490 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2010	2470 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2011	2590 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2012	2540 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2013	2770 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2014	2830 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2015	2840 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2016	2940 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2017	2940 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2018	2900 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2019	2970 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2020	3030 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2021	3080 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2022	3050 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2023	3130 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
World cereal production	2024	3130 million tonnes per year	FAO, FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (Cereals, item 1717), via Our World in Data cereal-production grapher
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	1985	3770 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	1986	3700 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	1987	2580 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	1988	15 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	1990	3640 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	1991	4600 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	1992	4170 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	1993	6770 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	1994	6440 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	1995	6650 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	1996	6920 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	1997	6160 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	1998	4820 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	1999	7720 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2000	1700 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2001	7660 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2002	8490 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2003	3210 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2004	5650 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2005	4560 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2006	6390 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2007	7910 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2008	8400 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2009	3180 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2010	7100 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2011	6830 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2012	2890 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2013	5840 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2014	5050 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2015	6470 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2017	8770 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2018	2720 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2019	6950 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2020	2120 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2021	6330 square miles	US EPA, Report on the Environment, Hypoxia in the Gulf of America and Long Island Sound, Exhibit 1 (data source LUMCON, 2021; N. Rabalais and R.E. Turner)
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2022	3280 square miles	NOAA NCCOS, Smaller than Expected Summer 2022 Dead Zone Measured in Gulf of Mexico, August 3, 2022
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2023	3060 square miles	NOAA NCCOS, Below Average Summer 2023 Dead Zone Measured in Gulf of Mexico, August 2, 2023
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2024	6710 square miles	NOAA NCCOS, Above Average Summer 2024 Dead Zone Measured in Gulf of Mexico, August 1, 2024
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2025	4400 square miles	NOAA NCCOS, Below Average Summer 2025 Dead Zone Measured in Gulf, July 31, 2025
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (summer hypoxic area)	2026	1330 square miles	NOAA and partners find smaller-than-anticipated hypoxic zone in Gulf of America, August 5, 2026 (repost on gulfhypoxia.net, LUMCON)
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	1979	1250 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	1980	857 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	1981	750 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	1982	1150 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	1983	1510 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	1984	1440 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	1985	984 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	1986	1100 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	1987	903 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	1988	569 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	1989	776 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	1990	1080 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	1991	1220 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	1992	909 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	1993	1610 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	1994	1140 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	1995	965 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	1996	955 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	1997	1070 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	1998	1190 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	1999	1190 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2000	571 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2001	999 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2002	868 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2003	777 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2004	982 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2005	956 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2006	669 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2007	992 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2008	1310 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2009	983 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2010	1240 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2011	1190 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2012	584 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2013	1060 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2014	831 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2015	968 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2016	1280 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2017	1170 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2018	963 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2019	1650 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2020	1290 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2021	759 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2022	748 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2023	553 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2024	799 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrate delivered to the Gulf by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers	2025	789 thousand US short tons of nitrate plus nitrite (as N) per year	USGS, Trends in Nutrient and Other Water Quality Constituent Loads to the Gulf of America from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers, 1980 to 2025 (ver. 3.0, May 2026), WRTDS_loads.csv, site GULF, constituent NO3_NO2
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	1750	270 parts per billion (ppb)	Tian and others, Global nitrous oxide budget (1980 to 2020), Earth System Science Data 16, 2543 to 2604 (2024)
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2001	316 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2002	317 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2003	318 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2004	318 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2005	319 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2006	320 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2007	320 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2008	322 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2009	322 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2010	323 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2011	324 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2012	325 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2013	326 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2014	327 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2015	328 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2016	329 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2017	330 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2018	331 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2019	332 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2020	333 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2021	334 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2022	336 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2023	337 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2024	338 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere	2025	339 parts per billion (ppb)	NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, global annual mean N2O (n2o_annmean_gl.txt), Xin Lan and others
Reactive nitrogen created by people (all sources)	1860	15 million tonnes of nitrogen (Tg N) per year	Galloway, Townsend, Erisman and others, Transformation of the Nitrogen Cycle: Recent Trends, Questions, and Potential Solutions, Science 320, 889 to 892 (2008), author copy
Reactive nitrogen created by people (all sources)	1890	15 million tonnes of nitrogen (Tg N) per year	Galloway, The global nitrogen cycle: past, present and future, in Steffen and others, Global Change and the Earth System (Springer, 2004), pages 122 and 123
Reactive nitrogen created by people (all sources)	1990	140 million tonnes of nitrogen (Tg N) per year	Galloway, The global nitrogen cycle: past, present and future, in Steffen and others, Global Change and the Earth System (Springer, 2004), pages 122 and 123
Reactive nitrogen created by people (all sources)	1995	156 million tonnes of nitrogen (Tg N) per year	Galloway, Townsend, Erisman and others, Transformation of the Nitrogen Cycle: Recent Trends, Questions, and Potential Solutions, Science 320, 889 to 892 (2008), author copy
Reactive nitrogen created by people (all sources)	2005	187 million tonnes of nitrogen (Tg N) per year	Galloway, Townsend, Erisman and others, Transformation of the Nitrogen Cycle: Recent Trends, Questions, and Potential Solutions, Science 320, 889 to 892 (2008), author copy

Impact over time: Ferdinand Silcox

What the fixes gave and what they cost, year by year. Each measure has its own scale; dollar figures come from separate studies and are not added together.

US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)acres per year · US (states added over time)context

52.3M
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025acres per year · USharm

10.1M
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025fires per year · UScontext

96.4K
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025acres per fire · USharm

172
Average acres burned per year on western national forests, before and after the 1935 policyacres per year (period average) · Western US national forest regionsbenefit

455K1916: 353K
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation) · US federal landsharm

4390M
Share of the Forest Service budget spent on wildfirepercent of budget · US Forest Serviceharm

52

192019401960198020002020

HarmBenefitProjected

In dollars, where studies estimate it 3

Benefit$273K Natural resources saved on two national forests in part of one fire season, credited to tight fire control part of one fire season, about 1940What the early policy saved, by the agency's own countGisborne, Comparison of intensive versus limited forest fire control action, Northern Rocky Mountain Forest Experiment Station Research Note 10, 1940, quoted in Loveridge, "The Fire Suppression Policy of the U.S. Forest Service," Journal of Forestry 42(8):549 to 554, August 1944 (Forest History Society reprint), in 1940 dollars
Harm$1.9 billion a year Forest Service wildfire suppression spending, average per year 2016 to 2020 2016 to 2020Not all of this is the policy's doing: climate and homes near forests add to itUS Forest Service, Confronting the Wildfire Crisis, FS-1187a, January 2022
Cost of the fix$3 billion Infrastructure law money for Forest Service wildfire risk reduction and restoration about 2022 to 2026A down payment on putting fire and thinning back, per the agencyForest Service testimony, House Natural Resources Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests, and Public Lands, oversight hearing, April 5, 2022 (Serial No. 117-17)

Not yet quantified 5

A yearly national measure of fuel load or forest density in fire-adapted forests (the evidence is plot studies and photo comparisons, not a time series).
A dollar estimate of damage caused by fire exclusion specifically, separate from climate change and building in fire-prone areas.
National acres burned at high severity per year (the MTBS satellite record from 1984 exists but is not transcribed here).
Comparable national acres burned before 1983 (NIFC warns against comparing its historical figures to later data).
The USDA 2015 forecast that fire would take two-thirds of the Forest Service budget by 2025, and the actual 2025 share: neither checked against a primary source.

Show as a table

Series	Year	Value	Source
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1926	24.3M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1927	38.5M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1928	43.5M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1929	46.2M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1930	52.3M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1931	51.6M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1932	42.1M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1933	43.9M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1934	41.8M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1935	30.3M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1936	43.2M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1937	22M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1938	33.8M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1939	30.4M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1940	25.8M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1941	26.4M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1942	31.9M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1943	32.3M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1944	16.5M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1945	17.7M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1946	20.7M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1947	23.2M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1948	16.6M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1949	15.4M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1950	15.5M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1951	10.8M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1952	14.2M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1953	9.98M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1954	8.83M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1955	8.07M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1956	6.61M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1957	3.41M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1958	3.28M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1959	4.16M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1960	4.48M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1961	3.04M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1962	4.08M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1963	7.12M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1964	4.2M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1965	2.65M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1966	4.57M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1967	4.66M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1968	4.23M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1969	6.69M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1970	3.28M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1971	4.28M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1972	2.64M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1973	1.92M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1974	2.88M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1975	1.79M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1976	5.11M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1977	3.15M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1978	3.91M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1979	2.99M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1980	5.26M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1981	4.81M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1926 to 1982 (historical, not comparable to 1983 on)	1982	2.38M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1926-2017), archived copy of nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html (Wayback Machine, January 9, 2019)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	1983	1.32M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	1984	1.15M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	1985	2.9M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	1986	2.72M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	1987	2.45M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	1988	5.01M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	1989	1.83M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	1990	4.62M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	1991	2.95M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	1992	2.07M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	1993	1.8M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	1994	4.07M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	1995	1.84M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	1996	6.07M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	1997	2.86M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	1998	1.33M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	1999	5.63M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2000	7.39M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2001	3.57M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2002	7.18M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2003	3.96M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2004	8.1M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2005	8.69M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2006	9.87M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2007	9.33M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2008	5.29M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2009	5.92M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2010	3.42M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2011	8.71M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2012	9.33M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2013	4.32M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2014	3.6M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2015	10.1M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2016	5.51M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2017	10M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2018	8.77M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2019	4.66M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2020	10.1M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2021	7.13M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2022	7.58M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2023	2.69M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2024	8.92M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
US wildland acres burned per year, 1983 to 2025	2025	5.13M acres per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	1983	18.2K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	1984	20.5K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	1985	82.6K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	1986	85.9K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	1987	71.3K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	1988	72.8K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	1989	48.9K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	1990	66.5K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	1991	75.8K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	1992	87.4K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	1993	58.8K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	1994	79.1K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	1995	82.2K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	1996	96.4K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	1997	66.2K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	1998	81K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	1999	92.5K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2000	92.3K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2001	84.1K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2002	73.5K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2003	63.6K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2004	65.5K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2005	66.8K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2006	96.4K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2007	85.7K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2008	79K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2009	78.8K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2010	72K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2011	74.1K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2012	67.8K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2013	47.6K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2014	63.3K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2015	68.2K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2016	67.7K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2017	71.5K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2018	58.1K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2019	50.5K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2020	59K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2021	59K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2022	69K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2023	56.6K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2024	64.9K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Number of US wildland fires per year, 1983 to 2025	2025	77.8K fires per year	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	1985	35.1 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	1986	31.7 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	1987	34.3 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	1988	68.9 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	1989	37.3 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	1990	69.5 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	1991	39 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	1992	23.7 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	1993	30.6 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	1994	51.5 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	1995	22.4 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	1996	62.9 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	1997	43.2 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	1998	16.4 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	1999	60.8 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2000	80.1 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2001	42.5 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2002	97.8 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2003	62.2 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2004	124 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2005	130 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2006	102 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2007	109 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2008	67 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2009	75.2 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2010	47.6 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2011	118 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2012	138 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2013	90.8 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2014	56.8 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2015	149 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2016	81.3 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2017	140 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2018	151 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2019	92.4 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2020	172 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2021	121 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2022	110 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2023	47.6 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2024	138 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average size of a US wildland fire, 1985 to 2025	2025	65.9 acres per fire	National Interagency Fire Center, Total Wildland Fires and Acres (1983-2025)
Average acres burned per year on western national forests, before and after the 1935 policy	1916	353K acres per year (period average)	Loveridge, "The Fire Suppression Policy of the U.S. Forest Service," Journal of Forestry 42(8):549 to 554, August 1944 (Forest History Society reprint)
Average acres burned per year on western national forests, before and after the 1935 policy	1934	455K acres per year (period average)	Loveridge, "The Fire Suppression Policy of the U.S. Forest Service," Journal of Forestry 42(8):549 to 554, August 1944 (Forest History Society reprint)
Average acres burned per year on western national forests, before and after the 1935 policy	1943	142K acres per year (period average)	Loveridge, "The Fire Suppression Policy of the U.S. Forest Service," Journal of Forestry 42(8):549 to 554, August 1944 (Forest History Society reprint)
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	1985	240M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	1986	203M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	1987	335M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	1988	579M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	1989	500M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	1990	398M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	1991	206M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	1992	377M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	1993	240M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	1994	918M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	1995	477M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	1996	701M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	1997	284M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	1998	417M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	1999	516M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	2000	1410M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	2001	953M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	2002	1670M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	2003	1330M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	2004	1010M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	2005	819M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	2006	1700M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	2007	1620M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	2008	1590M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	2009	921M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	2010	809M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	2011	1370M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	2012	1900M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	2013	1740M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	2014	1520M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	2015	2130M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	2016	1980M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	2017	2920M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	2018	3140M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	2019	1590M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	2020	2270M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	2021	4390M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	2022	3550M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Federal wildfire suppression costs (Forest Service and Interior), 1985 to 2023	2023	3170M US dollars per year, as reported (not adjusted for inflation)	National Interagency Fire Center, Federal Firefighting Costs (Suppression Only), 1985 to 2023
Share of the Forest Service budget spent on wildfire	1995	16 percent of budget	US Department of the Interior, "USDA, DOI, and OMB Urge Congress to Fix the Fire Budget," press release, September 15, 2015
Share of the Forest Service budget spent on wildfire	2015	52 percent of budget	US Department of the Interior, "USDA, DOI, and OMB Urge Congress to Fix the Fire Budget," press release, September 15, 2015

Impact over time: Thomas H. Jukes

What the fixes gave and what they cost, year by year. Each measure has its own scale; dollar figures come from separate studies and are not added together.

Medically important antimicrobials sold for US food animalsmetric tons of active ingredient per year · UScontext

9700axis starts at 4940
US sales of medically important antimicrobials labeled for growth (production) usemetric tons of active ingredient per year · UScontext

6920
Tetracyclines sold for US food animalsmetric tons of active ingredient per year · UScontext

6880axis starts at 3030
Veterinary antimicrobial sales in 25 European countries, per unit of livestockmg of active ingredient per population correction unit (mg/PCU) · 25 European countries (EU and EEA plus UK)context

161
Global antimicrobial use in food animals (model estimate)metric tons per year · worldcontext

203K
Danish broilers: E. faecium resistant to glycopeptides (vancomycin)percent of isolates · Denmarkharm

72.7
Extra daily weight gain in young pigs fed antibioticspercent improvement in average daily gain over unmedicated pigs · US (experiments)benefit

16.4

19601980200020202040

HarmBenefitProjected

In dollars, where studies estimate it 2

Benefit$13.5 billion to 44.1 billion Meat value a worldwide ban on growth promoters would cost (OECD model) per year, at 2012 producer pricesWhat growth promoters are worth to the world's meat output each year, one model finds: the value lost if they were banned everywhere.Laxminarayan, Van Boeckel and Teillant, The Economic Costs of Withdrawing Anti-microbial Growth Promoters from the Livestock Sector, OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers No. 78 (2015), in 2012 dollars
Benefit$1.2 billion to 2.5 billion Cost to US consumers of banning routine (subtherapeutic) farm antibiotics per year, late 1990sWhat a US ban would have cost shoppers each year, a 1998 expert committee estimated.National Research Council, The Use of Drugs in Food Animals: Benefits and Risks (National Academy Press, 1999); National Academies news release, July 1998, in 1998 dollars

Not yet quantified 5

A count of human infections or deaths caused by resistance that started on farms. Global estimates (1.14 million deaths attributable to bacterial resistance in 2021, Lancet 2024) do not split out farm sources, and the share is still debated.
US sales of feed antibiotics before 2009, when FDA reporting began; no official yearly series from 1951 to 2008.
A yearly US series of resistance in bacteria from food animals that we verified for this page (NARMS publishes one; not yet entered).
A dollar figure for the health cost of farm-origin resistance.
Yearly mcr-1 prevalence in Chinese pigs before and after the 2017 colistin ban (reported in Wang and others, Lancet Infectious Diseases 2020; figures not verified here).

Show as a table

Series	Year	Value	Source
Medically important antimicrobials sold for US food animals	2009	7690 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2016 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals (December 2017), multi-year tables (2009 to 2016)
Medically important antimicrobials sold for US food animals	2010	8230 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2016 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals (December 2017), multi-year tables (2009 to 2016)
Medically important antimicrobials sold for US food animals	2011	8260 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2016 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals (December 2017), multi-year tables (2009 to 2016)
Medically important antimicrobials sold for US food animals	2012	8900 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2016 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals (December 2017), multi-year tables (2009 to 2016)
Medically important antimicrobials sold for US food animals	2013	9190 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2016 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals (December 2017), multi-year tables (2009 to 2016)
Medically important antimicrobials sold for US food animals	2014	9480 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2016 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals (December 2017), multi-year tables (2009 to 2016)
Medically important antimicrobials sold for US food animals	2015	9700 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
Medically important antimicrobials sold for US food animals	2016	8360 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
Medically important antimicrobials sold for US food animals	2017	5560 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
Medically important antimicrobials sold for US food animals	2018	6030 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
Medically important antimicrobials sold for US food animals	2019	6190 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
Medically important antimicrobials sold for US food animals	2020	6000 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
Medically important antimicrobials sold for US food animals	2021	5990 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
Medically important antimicrobials sold for US food animals	2022	6250 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
Medically important antimicrobials sold for US food animals	2023	6130 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
Medically important antimicrobials sold for US food animals	2024	7100 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
US sales of medically important antimicrobials labeled for growth (production) use	2009	5560 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2016 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals (December 2017), multi-year tables (2009 to 2016)
US sales of medically important antimicrobials labeled for growth (production) use	2010	5830 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2016 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals (December 2017), multi-year tables (2009 to 2016)
US sales of medically important antimicrobials labeled for growth (production) use	2011	5770 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2016 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals (December 2017), multi-year tables (2009 to 2016)
US sales of medically important antimicrobials labeled for growth (production) use	2012	6070 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2016 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals (December 2017), multi-year tables (2009 to 2016)
US sales of medically important antimicrobials labeled for growth (production) use	2013	6660 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2016 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals (December 2017), multi-year tables (2009 to 2016)
US sales of medically important antimicrobials labeled for growth (production) use	2014	6790 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2016 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals (December 2017), multi-year tables (2009 to 2016)
US sales of medically important antimicrobials labeled for growth (production) use	2015	6920 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
US sales of medically important antimicrobials labeled for growth (production) use	2016	5770 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
US sales of medically important antimicrobials labeled for growth (production) use	2017	0 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
US sales of medically important antimicrobials labeled for growth (production) use	2018	0 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
US sales of medically important antimicrobials labeled for growth (production) use	2019	0 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
US sales of medically important antimicrobials labeled for growth (production) use	2020	0 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
US sales of medically important antimicrobials labeled for growth (production) use	2021	0 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
US sales of medically important antimicrobials labeled for growth (production) use	2022	0 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
US sales of medically important antimicrobials labeled for growth (production) use	2023	0 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
US sales of medically important antimicrobials labeled for growth (production) use	2024	0 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
Tetracyclines sold for US food animals	2009	5260 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2016 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals (December 2017), multi-year tables (2009 to 2016)
Tetracyclines sold for US food animals	2010	5600 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2016 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals (December 2017), multi-year tables (2009 to 2016)
Tetracyclines sold for US food animals	2011	5650 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2016 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals (December 2017), multi-year tables (2009 to 2016)
Tetracyclines sold for US food animals	2012	5950 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2016 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals (December 2017), multi-year tables (2009 to 2016)
Tetracyclines sold for US food animals	2013	6510 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2016 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals (December 2017), multi-year tables (2009 to 2016)
Tetracyclines sold for US food animals	2014	6600 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2016 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals (December 2017), multi-year tables (2009 to 2016)
Tetracyclines sold for US food animals	2015	6880 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
Tetracyclines sold for US food animals	2016	5860 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
Tetracyclines sold for US food animals	2017	3540 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
Tetracyclines sold for US food animals	2018	3970 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
Tetracyclines sold for US food animals	2019	4120 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
Tetracyclines sold for US food animals	2020	3950 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
Tetracyclines sold for US food animals	2021	3920 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
Tetracyclines sold for US food animals	2022	4060 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
Tetracyclines sold for US food animals	2023	4070 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
Tetracyclines sold for US food animals	2024	4900 metric tons of active ingredient per year	US FDA, 2024 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distributed for Use in Food-Producing Animals, data tables 2015 to 2024 (Excel), December 2025
Veterinary antimicrobial sales in 25 European countries, per unit of livestock	2011	161 mg of active ingredient per population correction unit (mg/PCU)	EMA, Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 31 European countries in 2022: trends from 2010 to 2022 (Thirteenth ESVAC report, 2023), Figure 15
Veterinary antimicrobial sales in 25 European countries, per unit of livestock	2012	152 mg of active ingredient per population correction unit (mg/PCU)	EMA, Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 31 European countries in 2022: trends from 2010 to 2022 (Thirteenth ESVAC report, 2023), Figure 15
Veterinary antimicrobial sales in 25 European countries, per unit of livestock	2013	146 mg of active ingredient per population correction unit (mg/PCU)	EMA, Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 31 European countries in 2022: trends from 2010 to 2022 (Thirteenth ESVAC report, 2023), Figure 15
Veterinary antimicrobial sales in 25 European countries, per unit of livestock	2014	156 mg of active ingredient per population correction unit (mg/PCU)	EMA, Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 31 European countries in 2022: trends from 2010 to 2022 (Thirteenth ESVAC report, 2023), Figure 15
Veterinary antimicrobial sales in 25 European countries, per unit of livestock	2015	140 mg of active ingredient per population correction unit (mg/PCU)	EMA, Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 31 European countries in 2022: trends from 2010 to 2022 (Thirteenth ESVAC report, 2023), Figure 15
Veterinary antimicrobial sales in 25 European countries, per unit of livestock	2016	128 mg of active ingredient per population correction unit (mg/PCU)	EMA, Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 31 European countries in 2022: trends from 2010 to 2022 (Thirteenth ESVAC report, 2023), Figure 15
Veterinary antimicrobial sales in 25 European countries, per unit of livestock	2017	109 mg of active ingredient per population correction unit (mg/PCU)	EMA, Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 31 European countries in 2022: trends from 2010 to 2022 (Thirteenth ESVAC report, 2023), Figure 15
Veterinary antimicrobial sales in 25 European countries, per unit of livestock	2018	106 mg of active ingredient per population correction unit (mg/PCU)	EMA, Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 31 European countries in 2022: trends from 2010 to 2022 (Thirteenth ESVAC report, 2023), Figure 15
Veterinary antimicrobial sales in 25 European countries, per unit of livestock	2019	86.7 mg of active ingredient per population correction unit (mg/PCU)	EMA, Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 31 European countries in 2022: trends from 2010 to 2022 (Thirteenth ESVAC report, 2023), Figure 15
Veterinary antimicrobial sales in 25 European countries, per unit of livestock	2020	91.4 mg of active ingredient per population correction unit (mg/PCU)	EMA, Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 31 European countries in 2022: trends from 2010 to 2022 (Thirteenth ESVAC report, 2023), Figure 15
Veterinary antimicrobial sales in 25 European countries, per unit of livestock	2021	86.5 mg of active ingredient per population correction unit (mg/PCU)	EMA, Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 31 European countries in 2022: trends from 2010 to 2022 (Thirteenth ESVAC report, 2023), Figure 15
Veterinary antimicrobial sales in 25 European countries, per unit of livestock	2022	75.8 mg of active ingredient per population correction unit (mg/PCU)	EMA, Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 31 European countries in 2022: trends from 2010 to 2022 (Thirteenth ESVAC report, 2023), Figure 15
Global antimicrobial use in food animals (model estimate)	2020	99.5K metric tons per year	Mulchandani, Wang, Gilbert and Van Boeckel, Global trends in antimicrobial use in food-producing animals: 2020 to 2030, PLOS Global Public Health 3(2): e0001305 (2023)
Global antimicrobial use in food animals (model estimate)	2030 (projected)	107K metric tons per year	Mulchandani, Wang, Gilbert and Van Boeckel, Global trends in antimicrobial use in food-producing animals: 2020 to 2030, PLOS Global Public Health 3(2): e0001305 (2023)
Danish broilers: E. faecium resistant to glycopeptides (vancomycin)	1995	72.7 percent of isolates	Aarestrup and others, Effect of abolishment of the use of antimicrobial agents for growth promotion on occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal enterococci from food animals in Denmark, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45(7):2054-2059 (2001)
Danish broilers: E. faecium resistant to glycopeptides (vancomycin)	2000	5.8 percent of isolates	Aarestrup and others, Effect of abolishment of the use of antimicrobial agents for growth promotion on occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal enterococci from food animals in Denmark, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45(7):2054-2059 (2001)
Extra daily weight gain in young pigs fed antibiotics	1967	16.4 percent improvement in average daily gain over unmedicated pigs	Teillant and Laxminarayan, Economics of Antibiotic Use in U.S. Swine and Poultry Production, Choices 30(1) (2015), Table 1, from Cromwell (2002) and Dritz and others (2002)
Extra daily weight gain in young pigs fed antibiotics	2002	5 percent improvement in average daily gain over unmedicated pigs	Teillant and Laxminarayan, Economics of Antibiotic Use in U.S. Swine and Poultry Production, Choices 30(1) (2015), Table 1, from Cromwell (2002) and Dritz and others (2002)

Impact over time: Ethan Zuckerman

What the fixes gave and what they cost, year by year. Each measure has its own scale; dollar figures come from separate studies and are not added together.

US internet advertising revenuebillion US dollars per year (nominal) · UScontext

259
People blocking ads worldwide (desktop and mobile)million active users · Worldcontext

1100
Share of internet users who block ads, worldwide (GWI survey)percent of internet users · Worldcontext

37axis starts at 28.9
Share of the world's internet population blocking ads (PageFair)percent of internet users · Worldcontext

11axis starts at 5.25

199020102030

HarmBenefitProjected

In dollars, where studies estimate it 2

Harm$21.8 billion a year Ad revenue blocked by ad blockers worldwide, 2015 2015, estimateOne industry estimate of ad revenue lost to ad blockers in 2015, from a company that sells a fix for ad blocking.PageFair and Adobe, The Cost of Ad Blocking: 2015 Ad Blocking Report (August 2015), copy hosted by gwern.net, in 2015 dollars
Harm$54 billion a year Projected cost of ad blocking to publishers, 2024 2024, projectionA projection from an ad-filtering company, not a measured loss.Blockthrough, 2023 eyeo Ad-Filtering Report summary page (previously the PageFair Adblock Report), in 2024 dollars

Not yet quantified 5

The year Tripod launched its first pop-up ad: Zuckerman gives none; secondary timelines say 1997.
Revenue from pop-up ads in any year: IAB does not break pop-ups out of display advertising.
A yearly count of people using pop-up blockers from 2002 to 2010; the global ad-blocking series starts in 2011.
Ad-blocking user counts before 2011, and for the US by year on one consistent method.
How much of today's ad blocking is a response to pop-ups, as opposed to other intrusive ads and tracking.

Show as a table

Series	Year	Value	Source
US internet advertising revenue	1999	4.6 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB, 2000 Q4 Internet Advertising Revenue Report (April 1, 2001), as first reported
US internet advertising revenue	2000	8.2 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB, 2000 Q4 Internet Advertising Revenue Report (April 1, 2001), as first reported
US internet advertising revenue	2001	7.13 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB and PwC, Internet Advertising Revenue Report, 2012 First Six Months, Historical data findings, annual totals
US internet advertising revenue	2002	6.01 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB and PwC, Internet Advertising Revenue Report, 2012 First Six Months, Historical data findings, annual totals
US internet advertising revenue	2003	7.27 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB and PwC, Internet Advertising Revenue Report, Full Year 2024 (April 2025), Historical data findings, annual totals
US internet advertising revenue	2004	9.63 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB and PwC, Internet Advertising Revenue Report, Full Year 2024 (April 2025), Historical data findings, annual totals
US internet advertising revenue	2005	12.5 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB and PwC, Internet Advertising Revenue Report, Full Year 2024 (April 2025), Historical data findings, annual totals
US internet advertising revenue	2006	16.9 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB and PwC, Internet Advertising Revenue Report, Full Year 2024 (April 2025), Historical data findings, annual totals
US internet advertising revenue	2007	21.2 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB and PwC, Internet Advertising Revenue Report, Full Year 2024 (April 2025), Historical data findings, annual totals
US internet advertising revenue	2008	23.4 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB and PwC, Internet Advertising Revenue Report, Full Year 2024 (April 2025), Historical data findings, annual totals
US internet advertising revenue	2009	22.7 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB and PwC, Internet Advertising Revenue Report, Full Year 2024 (April 2025), Historical data findings, annual totals
US internet advertising revenue	2010	26 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB and PwC, Internet Advertising Revenue Report, Full Year 2024 (April 2025), Historical data findings, annual totals
US internet advertising revenue	2011	31.7 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB and PwC, Internet Advertising Revenue Report, Full Year 2024 (April 2025), Historical data findings, annual totals
US internet advertising revenue	2012	36.6 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB and PwC, Internet Advertising Revenue Report, Full Year 2024 (April 2025), Historical data findings, annual totals
US internet advertising revenue	2013	42.8 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB and PwC, Internet Advertising Revenue Report, Full Year 2024 (April 2025), Historical data findings, annual totals
US internet advertising revenue	2014	49.5 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB and PwC, Internet Advertising Revenue Report, Full Year 2024 (April 2025), Historical data findings, annual totals
US internet advertising revenue	2015	59.6 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB and PwC, Internet Advertising Revenue Report, Full Year 2024 (April 2025), Historical data findings, annual totals
US internet advertising revenue	2016	72.6 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB and PwC, Internet Advertising Revenue Report, Full Year 2024 (April 2025), Historical data findings, annual totals
US internet advertising revenue	2017	88.3 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB and PwC, Internet Advertising Revenue Report, Full Year 2024 (April 2025), Historical data findings, annual totals
US internet advertising revenue	2018	107 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB and PwC, Internet Advertising Revenue Report, Full Year 2024 (April 2025), Historical data findings, annual totals
US internet advertising revenue	2019	125 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB and PwC, Internet Advertising Revenue Report, Full Year 2024 (April 2025), Historical data findings, annual totals
US internet advertising revenue	2020	140 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB and PwC, Internet Advertising Revenue Report, Full Year 2024 (April 2025), Historical data findings, annual totals
US internet advertising revenue	2021	189 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB and PwC, Internet Advertising Revenue Report, Full Year 2024 (April 2025), Historical data findings, annual totals
US internet advertising revenue	2022	210 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB and PwC, Internet Advertising Revenue Report, Full Year 2024 (April 2025), Historical data findings, annual totals
US internet advertising revenue	2023	225 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB and PwC, Internet Advertising Revenue Report, Full Year 2024 (April 2025), Historical data findings, annual totals
US internet advertising revenue	2024	259 billion US dollars per year (nominal)	IAB and PwC, Internet Advertising Revenue Report, Full Year 2024 (April 2025), Historical data findings, annual totals
People blocking ads worldwide (desktop and mobile)	2011	44 million active users	eyeo, Ad-blocking report 2026 (May 2026), page 3 to 5 charts, point labels
People blocking ads worldwide (desktop and mobile)	2013	240 million active users	eyeo, Ad-blocking report 2026 (May 2026), page 3 to 5 charts, point labels
People blocking ads worldwide (desktop and mobile)	2015	558 million active users	eyeo, Ad-blocking report 2026 (May 2026), page 3 to 5 charts, point labels
People blocking ads worldwide (desktop and mobile)	2017	691 million active users	eyeo, Ad-blocking report 2026 (May 2026), page 3 to 5 charts, point labels
People blocking ads worldwide (desktop and mobile)	2019	764 million active users	eyeo, Ad-blocking report 2026 (May 2026), page 3 to 5 charts, point labels
People blocking ads worldwide (desktop and mobile)	2021	820 million active users	eyeo, Ad-blocking report 2026 (May 2026), page 3 to 5 charts, point labels
People blocking ads worldwide (desktop and mobile)	2023	912 million active users	Blockthrough, 2023 eyeo Ad-Filtering Report summary page (previously the PageFair Adblock Report)
People blocking ads worldwide (desktop and mobile)	2025	1100 million active users	eyeo, Ad-blocking report 2026 (May 2026), page 3 to 5 charts, point labels
Share of internet users who block ads, worldwide (GWI survey)	2021	37 percent of internet users	eyeo, Ad-blocking report 2026, page 7, citing GWI
Share of internet users who block ads, worldwide (GWI survey)	2025	30 percent of internet users	eyeo, Ad-blocking report 2026, page 7, citing GWI
Share of the world's internet population blocking ads (PageFair)	2015	6 percent of internet users	PageFair and Adobe, The Cost of Ad Blocking: 2015 Ad Blocking Report (August 2015), copy hosted by gwern.net
Share of the world's internet population blocking ads (PageFair)	2016	11 percent of internet users	PageFair, The State of the Blocked Web: 2017 Global Adblock Report, quick facts (February 1, 2017)

Impact over time: Sten Gustaf Thulin

What the fixes gave and what they cost, year by year. Each measure has its own scale; dollar figures come from separate studies and are not added together.

Celloplast plastic bag productionmillion bags per year · Celloplast (Sweden and its plants abroad)benefit

760axis starts at 576
Disposable plastic bags per person in Irelandbags per person per year · Irelandcontext

328
Plastic bags as a share of litter in Irelandpercent of litter items · Irelandharm

5
Single-use carrier bags from England's 7 main supermarketsmillion bags per year · Englandcontext

7640
Single-use plastic carrier bags sold by all reporting retailers in Englandmillion bags per year · Englandcontext

2120
Lightweight plastic carrier bags per person in the EUbags per person per year · EU27context

94.7

1960198020002020

HarmBenefitProjected

In dollars, where studies estimate it 2

Cost of the fix Irish plastic bag levy receipts, March 2002 to June 2013 2002 to mid-2013What Irish shoppers paid in bag levies, 2002 to mid-2013: 203.4 million euros, spent on environmental projects.Dail Eireann written answer, Tax Yield, 16 July 2013 (Questions 743 and 844)
Cost of the fix Carrier bag charge proceeds donated to good causes in England October 2015 to April 2026Charge money English retailers reported giving to good causes since 2015: over 234 million pounds.Defra, Single-use plastic carrier bags charge: data for England 2025 to 2026, Figure 1

Not yet quantified 5

A yearly count of plastic bags used worldwide. Published figures are rough and range widely (100 billion to 1 trillion in industry and press estimates in 2007; up to 5 trillion in a 2018 UN report as reported by news outlets).
A yearly count of countries regulating plastic bags; only the 2018 UNEP snapshot (127 of 192) was found.
A dollar cost of bag litter: cleanup, blocked drains or harm to marine life. No study isolating bags was found.
A dollar value of what the bag gave: the saving against paper (about 1 cent against 4 to 5 cents a bag in 2007 industry figures) has never been totaled.
A long, comparable series of bags in beach or sea litter. Cefas found bags on the seafloor around the UK fell in 2010 to 2017 against earlier years (Maes and others, 2018), but no yearly series was taken from it.

Show as a table

Series	Year	Value	Source
Celloplast plastic bag production	1969	600 million bags per year	Norrkopings Tidningar, '50 ar sedan plastpasen uppfanns' (2015), archived
Celloplast plastic bag production	1972	760 million bags per year	Norrkopings Tidningar, '50 ar sedan plastpasen uppfanns' (2015), archived
Disposable plastic bags per person in Ireland	2001	328 bags per person per year	Dail Eireann written answer, Plastic Bag Levy, 6 June 2012 (Question 582, Minister Phil Hogan)
Disposable plastic bags per person in Ireland	2002	21 bags per person per year	Dail Eireann written answer, Plastic Bag Levy, 6 June 2012 (Question 582, Minister Phil Hogan)
Disposable plastic bags per person in Ireland	2003	22 bags per person per year	Dail Eireann written answer, Plastic Bag Levy, 6 June 2012 (Question 582, Minister Phil Hogan)
Disposable plastic bags per person in Ireland	2004	25 bags per person per year	Dail Eireann written answer, Plastic Bag Levy, 6 June 2012 (Question 582, Minister Phil Hogan)
Disposable plastic bags per person in Ireland	2005	28 bags per person per year	Dail Eireann written answer, Plastic Bag Levy, 6 June 2012 (Question 582, Minister Phil Hogan)
Disposable plastic bags per person in Ireland	2006	31 bags per person per year	Dail Eireann written answer, Plastic Bag Levy, 6 June 2012 (Question 582, Minister Phil Hogan)
Disposable plastic bags per person in Ireland	2007	28 bags per person per year	Dail Eireann written answer, Plastic Bag Levy, 6 June 2012 (Question 582, Minister Phil Hogan)
Disposable plastic bags per person in Ireland	2008	27 bags per person per year	Dail Eireann written answer, Plastic Bag Levy, 6 June 2012 (Question 582, Minister Phil Hogan)
Disposable plastic bags per person in Ireland	2009	24 bags per person per year	Dail Eireann written answer, Plastic Bag Levy, 6 June 2012 (Question 582, Minister Phil Hogan)
Disposable plastic bags per person in Ireland	2010	18 bags per person per year	Dail Eireann written answer, Plastic Bag Levy, 6 June 2012 (Question 582, Minister Phil Hogan)
Disposable plastic bags per person in Ireland	2011	16 bags per person per year	Dail Eireann written answer, Plastic Bag Levy, 6 June 2012 (Question 582, Minister Phil Hogan)
Disposable plastic bags per person in Ireland	2012	14 bags per person per year	Dail Eireann written answer, Tax Yield, 16 July 2013 (Questions 743 and 844)
Disposable plastic bags per person in Ireland	2013	15 bags per person per year	Dail Eireann written answer, Tax Yield, 17 July 2014 (Question 485)
Disposable plastic bags per person in Ireland	2014	13 bags per person per year	Dail Eireann written answer, Plastic Bag Levy, 6 October 2015 (Question 726)
Disposable plastic bags per person in Ireland	2016	8 bags per person per year	Dail Eireann written answer, Plastic Bag Levy, 19 June 2018 (Questions 454 and 455)
Plastic bags as a share of litter in Ireland	2001	5 percent of litter items	Dail Eireann written answer, Plastic Bag Levy, 6 June 2012 (Question 582, Minister Phil Hogan)
Plastic bags as a share of litter in Ireland	2010	0.25 percent of litter items	Dail Eireann written answer, Plastic Bag Levy, 6 June 2012 (Question 582, Minister Phil Hogan)
Plastic bags as a share of litter in Ireland	2012	0.3 percent of litter items	Dail Eireann written answer, Tax Yield, 16 July 2013 (Questions 743 and 844)
Plastic bags as a share of litter in Ireland	2013	0.14 percent of litter items	Dail Eireann written answer, Tax Yield, 17 July 2014 (Question 485)
Plastic bags as a share of litter in Ireland	2014	0.13 percent of litter items	Dail Eireann written answer, Plastic Bag Levy, 6 October 2015 (Question 726)
Plastic bags as a share of litter in Ireland	2016	0.23 percent of litter items	Dail Eireann written answer, Plastic Bag Levy, 19 June 2018 (Questions 454 and 455)
Single-use carrier bags from England's 7 main supermarkets	2014	7640 million bags per year	WRAP, UK Voluntary Carrier Bag Agreement, 2014 data, as cited in Defra, Single-use plastic carrier bags charge: data for England 2025 to 2026, Figure 1
Single-use carrier bags from England's 7 main supermarkets	2016	1330 million bags per year	Defra, Single-use plastic carrier bags charge: data for England 2025 to 2026, Figure 1
Single-use carrier bags from England's 7 main supermarkets	2017	1040 million bags per year	Defra, Single-use plastic carrier bags charge: data for England 2025 to 2026, Figure 1
Single-use carrier bags from England's 7 main supermarkets	2018	566 million bags per year	Defra, Single-use plastic carrier bags charge: data for England 2025 to 2026, Figure 1
Single-use carrier bags from England's 7 main supermarkets	2019	271 million bags per year	Defra, Single-use plastic carrier bags charge: data for England 2025 to 2026, Figure 1
Single-use carrier bags from England's 7 main supermarkets	2020	294 million bags per year	Defra, Single-use plastic carrier bags charge: data for England 2025 to 2026, Figure 1
Single-use carrier bags from England's 7 main supermarkets	2021	197 million bags per year	Defra, Single-use plastic carrier bags charge: data for England 2025 to 2026, Figure 1
Single-use carrier bags from England's 7 main supermarkets	2022	160 million bags per year	Defra, Single-use plastic carrier bags charge: data for England 2025 to 2026, Figure 1
Single-use carrier bags from England's 7 main supermarkets	2023	155 million bags per year	Defra, Single-use plastic carrier bags charge: data for England 2025 to 2026, Figure 1
Single-use carrier bags from England's 7 main supermarkets	2024	164 million bags per year	Defra, Single-use plastic carrier bags charge: data for England 2025 to 2026, Figure 1
Single-use carrier bags from England's 7 main supermarkets	2025	126 million bags per year	Defra, Single-use plastic carrier bags charge: data for England 2025 to 2026, Figure 1
Single-use plastic carrier bags sold by all reporting retailers in England	2016	2120 million bags per year	Defra, Single-use plastic carrier bags charge: data for England 2025 to 2026, Figure 1
Single-use plastic carrier bags sold by all reporting retailers in England	2017	1750 million bags per year	Defra, Single-use plastic carrier bags charge: data for England 2025 to 2026, Figure 1
Single-use plastic carrier bags sold by all reporting retailers in England	2018	1130 million bags per year	Defra, Single-use plastic carrier bags charge: data for England 2025 to 2026, Figure 1
Single-use plastic carrier bags sold by all reporting retailers in England	2019	628 million bags per year	Defra, Single-use plastic carrier bags charge: data for England 2025 to 2026, Figure 1
Single-use plastic carrier bags sold by all reporting retailers in England	2020	489 million bags per year	Defra, Single-use plastic carrier bags charge: data for England 2025 to 2026, Figure 1
Single-use plastic carrier bags sold by all reporting retailers in England	2021	497 million bags per year	Defra, Single-use plastic carrier bags charge: data for England 2025 to 2026, Figure 1
Single-use plastic carrier bags sold by all reporting retailers in England	2022	434 million bags per year	Defra, Single-use plastic carrier bags charge: data for England 2025 to 2026, Figure 1
Single-use plastic carrier bags sold by all reporting retailers in England	2023	407 million bags per year	Defra, Single-use plastic carrier bags charge: data for England 2025 to 2026, Figure 1
Single-use plastic carrier bags sold by all reporting retailers in England	2024	437 million bags per year	Defra, Single-use plastic carrier bags charge: data for England 2025 to 2026, Figure 1
Single-use plastic carrier bags sold by all reporting retailers in England	2025	399 million bags per year	Defra, Single-use plastic carrier bags charge: data for England 2025 to 2026, Figure 1
Lightweight plastic carrier bags per person in the EU	2018	94.7 bags per person per year	Eurostat, Consumption of lightweight plastic carrier bags by their wall thickness (env_waspcb), EU27_2020, less than 50 microns, data updated 2026-05-11
Lightweight plastic carrier bags per person in the EU	2019	92.7 bags per person per year	Eurostat, Consumption of lightweight plastic carrier bags by their wall thickness (env_waspcb), EU27_2020, less than 50 microns, data updated 2026-05-11
Lightweight plastic carrier bags per person in the EU	2020	86.2 bags per person per year	Eurostat, Consumption of lightweight plastic carrier bags by their wall thickness (env_waspcb), EU27_2020, less than 50 microns, data updated 2026-05-11
Lightweight plastic carrier bags per person in the EU	2021	77.4 bags per person per year	Eurostat, Consumption of lightweight plastic carrier bags by their wall thickness (env_waspcb), EU27_2020, less than 50 microns, data updated 2026-05-11
Lightweight plastic carrier bags per person in the EU	2022	67 bags per person per year	Eurostat, Consumption of lightweight plastic carrier bags by their wall thickness (env_waspcb), EU27_2020, less than 50 microns, data updated 2026-05-11
Lightweight plastic carrier bags per person in the EU	2023	64.1 bags per person per year	Eurostat, Consumption of lightweight plastic carrier bags by their wall thickness (env_waspcb), EU27_2020, less than 50 microns, data updated 2026-05-11
Lightweight plastic carrier bags per person in the EU	2025 (projected)	40 bags per person per year	Eurostat news release, '4.7 billion fewer lightweight plastic bags in 2022', 12 November 2024

Impact over time: Robert Moses

What the fixes gave and what they cost, year by year. Each measure has its own scale; dollar figures come from separate studies and are not added together.

Motor vehicles registered in New York Statevehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks) · New York Statecontext

10.3M
New York City park landacres · New York Citybenefit

34.7K
New York City playgroundsplaygrounds · New York Citybenefit

777
Cross Bronx Expressway traffic, Crotona Avenue to the Sheridan Expresswayvehicles per day (annual average) · Bronx (I-95, NYSDOT station 10032)harm

220Kaxis starts at 109K
South Bronx population (Bronx Community Districts 1, 2 and 3)residents · Mott Haven, Melrose, Port Morris, Hunts Point, Longwood, Morrisania, Crotona Park Eastcontext

389K
Child asthma emergency visits, Crotona and TremontED visits per 10,000 children aged 5 to 17 · Crotona - Tremont (UHF 105), Bronxharm

451
Nitrogen dioxide in the air, Crotona and Tremontparts per billion (annual mean) · Crotona - Tremont (UHF 105), Bronxharm

28.1axis starts at 14.1
New York City subway ridershipmillion rides per year · New York Citycontext

2070

192019401960198020002020

HarmBenefitProjected

In dollars, where studies estimate it 5

Cost of the fix$2 million Federal RAISE grant to study reconnecting neighborhoods along the Cross Bronx 2022What the federal government paid just to study how to undo some of the damage.Governor of New York press release, January 25, 2024, in 2022 dollars
Cost of the fix$150 million Federal grant for a Cross Bronx connector with bus lanes, bike paths and walkways 2024Federal money for one fix along the Cross Bronx: a new road with bus lanes and paths for bikes and walkers.Governor of New York press release, January 25, 2024, in 2024 dollars
Cost of the fix$750 million to 757 million Estimated cost to cap the sunken Cross Bronx estimate, 2018 studyOne researcher's price for putting a lid on the trench and building parks on top. Officials have not priced it.Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, Senator Schumer Calls Cross Bronx Infrastructure Project Priority One, November 11, 2021 (on Peter Muennig's cost-benefit study); Streetsblog, March 11, 2025
Harm$9.5 billion a year Cost of traffic delay to New York City drivers, 2024 (INRIX) per year, 2024What traffic jams cost New York drivers in one year. Not all of it traces to Moses; it shows that more road never ended the jams.NBC New York (CNBC), reporting the INRIX 2024 Global Traffic Scorecard, in 2024 dollars
Harm$20 billion a year Cost of excess congestion to the New York metro economy (HDR for the Partnership for New York City) per year, 2018 projectionA business group's estimate of what jams cost the region each year in lost time, fuel and business.Partnership for New York City, $100 Billion Cost of Traffic Congestion in Metro New York, January 17, 2018, in 2018 dollars

Not yet quantified 8

Miles of parkway and expressway opened in the New York region each year (only Moses-era totals, such as 416 miles of parkway, were found).
Vehicle miles traveled in New York City or New York State before 1980, year by year.
Traffic counts on the Cross Bronx or Long Island Expressway before 1977, to show how fast new roads filled after opening (Caro describes it; no count series was found).
People displaced by year. Only Caro's single total (250,000 for highways) exists; Cross Bronx counts conflict, from about 1,500 residents (New York Times, 2001) to as many as 60,000 (uncited).
Park acreage and playground counts for the years between 1934 and 1960.
A study that attributes Bronx asthma rates to the Cross Bronx specifically; officials say it raised asthma, but the health data do not split out the expressway.
A dollar value of the benefit of Moses's parks and beaches to New Yorkers.
An official price for capping or decking the Cross Bronx; the 2025 state and city study gave none.

Show as a table

Series	Year	Value	Source
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1920	676K vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1921	812K vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1922	1M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1923	1.21M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1924	1.42M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1925	1.64M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1926	1.83M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1927	1.95M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1928	2.1M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1929	2.28M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1930	2.33M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1931	2.35M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1932	2.28M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1933	2.27M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1934	2.3M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1935	2.36M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1936	2.48M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1937	2.59M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1938	2.61M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1939	2.69M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1940	2.78M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1941	2.89M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1942	2.62M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1943	2.29M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1944	2.28M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1945	2.36M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1946	2.67M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1947	2.92M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1948	3.2M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1949	3.44M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1950	3.74M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1951	3.93M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1952	3.98M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1953	4.18M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1954	4.39M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1955	4.64M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1956	4.8M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1957	4.78M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1958	4.88M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1959	5.01M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1960	5.07M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1961	5.2M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1962	5.37M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1963	5.54M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1964	5.73M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1965	5.94M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1966	6.01M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1967	6.06M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1968	6.31M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1969	6.5M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1970	6.72M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1971	6.89M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1972	7.01M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1973	7.32M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1974	7.46M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1975	7.59M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1976	7.65M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1977	7.73M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1978	7.87M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1979	8M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1980	8M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1981	8.12M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1982	8.23M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1983	8.42M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1984	8.64M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1985	9.04M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1986	9.52M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1987	9.59M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1988	9.84M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1989	10M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1990	10.2M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1991	9.77M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1992	9.78M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1993	10.2M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1994	10.2M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
Motor vehicles registered in New York State	1995	10.3M vehicles registered (automobiles, buses and trucks)	FHWA, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, Table MV-201, Motor Vehicle Registrations by States, 1900-1995 (April 1997), New York, column Total (automobiles, buses and trucks)
New York City park land	1934	14K acres	NYC Parks, Robert Moses and the Modern Park System (1929 to 1965), 1960 entry
New York City park land	1960	34.7K acres	NYC Parks, Robert Moses and the Modern Park System (1929 to 1965), 1960 entry
New York City playgrounds	1934	119 playgrounds	NYC Parks, Robert Moses and the Modern Park System (1929 to 1965), 1960 entry
New York City playgrounds	1960	777 playgrounds	NYC Parks, Robert Moses and the Modern Park System (1929 to 1965), 1960 entry
Cross Bronx Expressway traffic, Crotona Avenue to the Sheridan Expressway	1977	124K vehicles per day (annual average)	NYSDOT via data.ny.gov, Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT): Beginning 1977 (dataset 6amx-2pbv), accessed 2026-10-21
Cross Bronx Expressway traffic, Crotona Avenue to the Sheridan Expressway	1978	126K vehicles per day (annual average)	NYSDOT via data.ny.gov, Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT): Beginning 1977 (dataset 6amx-2pbv), accessed 2026-10-21
Cross Bronx Expressway traffic, Crotona Avenue to the Sheridan Expressway	1993	153K vehicles per day (annual average)	NYSDOT via data.ny.gov, Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT): Beginning 1977 (dataset 6amx-2pbv), accessed 2026-10-21
Cross Bronx Expressway traffic, Crotona Avenue to the Sheridan Expressway	1997	154K vehicles per day (annual average)	NYSDOT via data.ny.gov, Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT): Beginning 1977 (dataset 6amx-2pbv), accessed 2026-10-21
Cross Bronx Expressway traffic, Crotona Avenue to the Sheridan Expressway	1999	159K vehicles per day (annual average)	NYSDOT via data.ny.gov, Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT): Beginning 1977 (dataset 6amx-2pbv), accessed 2026-10-21
Cross Bronx Expressway traffic, Crotona Avenue to the Sheridan Expressway	2001	148K vehicles per day (annual average)	NYSDOT via data.ny.gov, Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT): Beginning 1977 (dataset 6amx-2pbv), accessed 2026-10-21
Cross Bronx Expressway traffic, Crotona Avenue to the Sheridan Expressway	2003	160K vehicles per day (annual average)	NYSDOT via data.ny.gov, Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT): Beginning 1977 (dataset 6amx-2pbv), accessed 2026-10-21
Cross Bronx Expressway traffic, Crotona Avenue to the Sheridan Expressway	2004	183K vehicles per day (annual average)	NYSDOT via data.ny.gov, Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT): Beginning 1977 (dataset 6amx-2pbv), accessed 2026-10-21
Cross Bronx Expressway traffic, Crotona Avenue to the Sheridan Expressway	2009	160K vehicles per day (annual average)	NYSDOT via data.ny.gov, Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT): Beginning 1977 (dataset 6amx-2pbv), accessed 2026-10-21
Cross Bronx Expressway traffic, Crotona Avenue to the Sheridan Expressway	2010	220K vehicles per day (annual average)	NYSDOT via data.ny.gov, Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT): Beginning 1977 (dataset 6amx-2pbv), accessed 2026-10-21
Cross Bronx Expressway traffic, Crotona Avenue to the Sheridan Expressway	2016	133K vehicles per day (annual average)	NYSDOT via data.ny.gov, Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT): Beginning 1977 (dataset 6amx-2pbv), accessed 2026-10-21
Cross Bronx Expressway traffic, Crotona Avenue to the Sheridan Expressway	2018	138K vehicles per day (annual average)	NYSDOT via data.ny.gov, Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT): Beginning 1977 (dataset 6amx-2pbv), accessed 2026-10-21
Cross Bronx Expressway traffic, Crotona Avenue to the Sheridan Expressway	2019	138K vehicles per day (annual average)	NYSDOT via data.ny.gov, Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT): Beginning 1977 (dataset 6amx-2pbv), accessed 2026-10-21
South Bronx population (Bronx Community Districts 1, 2 and 3)	1970	389K residents	NYC Department of City Planning via NYC Open Data, New York City Population By Community Districts (dataset xi7c-iiu2), decennial census counts 1970 to 2010, accessed 2026-10-21
South Bronx population (Bronx Community Districts 1, 2 and 3)	1980	166K residents	NYC Department of City Planning via NYC Open Data, New York City Population By Community Districts (dataset xi7c-iiu2), decennial census counts 1970 to 2010, accessed 2026-10-21
South Bronx population (Bronx Community Districts 1, 2 and 3)	1990	174K residents	NYC Department of City Planning via NYC Open Data, New York City Population By Community Districts (dataset xi7c-iiu2), decennial census counts 1970 to 2010, accessed 2026-10-21
South Bronx population (Bronx Community Districts 1, 2 and 3)	2000	198K residents	NYC Department of City Planning via NYC Open Data, New York City Population By Community Districts (dataset xi7c-iiu2), decennial census counts 1970 to 2010, accessed 2026-10-21
South Bronx population (Bronx Community Districts 1, 2 and 3)	2010	224K residents	NYC Department of City Planning via NYC Open Data, New York City Population By Community Districts (dataset xi7c-iiu2), decennial census counts 1970 to 2010, accessed 2026-10-21
Child asthma emergency visits, Crotona and Tremont	2005	340 ED visits per 10,000 children aged 5 to 17	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Asthma emergency department visits (age 5 to 17), estimated annual rate (indicator 2379, measure 1196; source data: NYS SPARCS), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Child asthma emergency visits, Crotona and Tremont	2006	389 ED visits per 10,000 children aged 5 to 17	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Asthma emergency department visits (age 5 to 17), estimated annual rate (indicator 2379, measure 1196; source data: NYS SPARCS), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Child asthma emergency visits, Crotona and Tremont	2007	356 ED visits per 10,000 children aged 5 to 17	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Asthma emergency department visits (age 5 to 17), estimated annual rate (indicator 2379, measure 1196; source data: NYS SPARCS), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Child asthma emergency visits, Crotona and Tremont	2008	338 ED visits per 10,000 children aged 5 to 17	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Asthma emergency department visits (age 5 to 17), estimated annual rate (indicator 2379, measure 1196; source data: NYS SPARCS), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Child asthma emergency visits, Crotona and Tremont	2009	318 ED visits per 10,000 children aged 5 to 17	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Asthma emergency department visits (age 5 to 17), estimated annual rate (indicator 2379, measure 1196; source data: NYS SPARCS), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Child asthma emergency visits, Crotona and Tremont	2010	358 ED visits per 10,000 children aged 5 to 17	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Asthma emergency department visits (age 5 to 17), estimated annual rate (indicator 2379, measure 1196; source data: NYS SPARCS), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Child asthma emergency visits, Crotona and Tremont	2011	370 ED visits per 10,000 children aged 5 to 17	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Asthma emergency department visits (age 5 to 17), estimated annual rate (indicator 2379, measure 1196; source data: NYS SPARCS), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Child asthma emergency visits, Crotona and Tremont	2012	414 ED visits per 10,000 children aged 5 to 17	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Asthma emergency department visits (age 5 to 17), estimated annual rate (indicator 2379, measure 1196; source data: NYS SPARCS), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Child asthma emergency visits, Crotona and Tremont	2013	439 ED visits per 10,000 children aged 5 to 17	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Asthma emergency department visits (age 5 to 17), estimated annual rate (indicator 2379, measure 1196; source data: NYS SPARCS), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Child asthma emergency visits, Crotona and Tremont	2014	443 ED visits per 10,000 children aged 5 to 17	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Asthma emergency department visits (age 5 to 17), estimated annual rate (indicator 2379, measure 1196; source data: NYS SPARCS), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Child asthma emergency visits, Crotona and Tremont	2015	451 ED visits per 10,000 children aged 5 to 17	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Asthma emergency department visits (age 5 to 17), estimated annual rate (indicator 2379, measure 1196; source data: NYS SPARCS), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Child asthma emergency visits, Crotona and Tremont	2016	427 ED visits per 10,000 children aged 5 to 17	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Asthma emergency department visits (age 5 to 17), estimated annual rate (indicator 2379, measure 1196; source data: NYS SPARCS), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Child asthma emergency visits, Crotona and Tremont	2017	352 ED visits per 10,000 children aged 5 to 17	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Asthma emergency department visits (age 5 to 17), estimated annual rate (indicator 2379, measure 1196; source data: NYS SPARCS), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Child asthma emergency visits, Crotona and Tremont	2018	362 ED visits per 10,000 children aged 5 to 17	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Asthma emergency department visits (age 5 to 17), estimated annual rate (indicator 2379, measure 1196; source data: NYS SPARCS), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Child asthma emergency visits, Crotona and Tremont	2019	268 ED visits per 10,000 children aged 5 to 17	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Asthma emergency department visits (age 5 to 17), estimated annual rate (indicator 2379, measure 1196; source data: NYS SPARCS), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Child asthma emergency visits, Crotona and Tremont	2020	115 ED visits per 10,000 children aged 5 to 17	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Asthma emergency department visits (age 5 to 17), estimated annual rate (indicator 2379, measure 1196; source data: NYS SPARCS), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Child asthma emergency visits, Crotona and Tremont	2021	157 ED visits per 10,000 children aged 5 to 17	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Asthma emergency department visits (age 5 to 17), estimated annual rate (indicator 2379, measure 1196; source data: NYS SPARCS), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Child asthma emergency visits, Crotona and Tremont	2022	248 ED visits per 10,000 children aged 5 to 17	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Asthma emergency department visits (age 5 to 17), estimated annual rate (indicator 2379, measure 1196; source data: NYS SPARCS), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Child asthma emergency visits, Crotona and Tremont	2023	259 ED visits per 10,000 children aged 5 to 17	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Asthma emergency department visits (age 5 to 17), estimated annual rate (indicator 2379, measure 1196; source data: NYS SPARCS), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Nitrogen dioxide in the air, Crotona and Tremont	2009	28.1 parts per billion (annual mean)	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual mean (indicator 2025, measure 1431; source: New York City Community Air Survey), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Nitrogen dioxide in the air, Crotona and Tremont	2010	25.3 parts per billion (annual mean)	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual mean (indicator 2025, measure 1431; source: New York City Community Air Survey), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Nitrogen dioxide in the air, Crotona and Tremont	2011	25.6 parts per billion (annual mean)	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual mean (indicator 2025, measure 1431; source: New York City Community Air Survey), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Nitrogen dioxide in the air, Crotona and Tremont	2012	23.4 parts per billion (annual mean)	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual mean (indicator 2025, measure 1431; source: New York City Community Air Survey), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Nitrogen dioxide in the air, Crotona and Tremont	2013	22.7 parts per billion (annual mean)	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual mean (indicator 2025, measure 1431; source: New York City Community Air Survey), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Nitrogen dioxide in the air, Crotona and Tremont	2014	21.9 parts per billion (annual mean)	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual mean (indicator 2025, measure 1431; source: New York City Community Air Survey), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Nitrogen dioxide in the air, Crotona and Tremont	2015	21.8 parts per billion (annual mean)	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual mean (indicator 2025, measure 1431; source: New York City Community Air Survey), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Nitrogen dioxide in the air, Crotona and Tremont	2016	20.4 parts per billion (annual mean)	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual mean (indicator 2025, measure 1431; source: New York City Community Air Survey), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Nitrogen dioxide in the air, Crotona and Tremont	2017	21.1 parts per billion (annual mean)	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual mean (indicator 2025, measure 1431; source: New York City Community Air Survey), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Nitrogen dioxide in the air, Crotona and Tremont	2018	19.8 parts per billion (annual mean)	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual mean (indicator 2025, measure 1431; source: New York City Community Air Survey), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Nitrogen dioxide in the air, Crotona and Tremont	2019	17.6 parts per billion (annual mean)	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual mean (indicator 2025, measure 1431; source: New York City Community Air Survey), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Nitrogen dioxide in the air, Crotona and Tremont	2020	18.5 parts per billion (annual mean)	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual mean (indicator 2025, measure 1431; source: New York City Community Air Survey), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Nitrogen dioxide in the air, Crotona and Tremont	2021	17.6 parts per billion (annual mean)	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual mean (indicator 2025, measure 1431; source: New York City Community Air Survey), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Nitrogen dioxide in the air, Crotona and Tremont	2022	17.1 parts per billion (annual mean)	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual mean (indicator 2025, measure 1431; source: New York City Community Air Survey), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Nitrogen dioxide in the air, Crotona and Tremont	2023	17.3 parts per billion (annual mean)	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual mean (indicator 2025, measure 1431; source: New York City Community Air Survey), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Nitrogen dioxide in the air, Crotona and Tremont	2024	15.9 parts per billion (annual mean)	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual mean (indicator 2025, measure 1431; source: New York City Community Air Survey), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
Nitrogen dioxide in the air, Crotona and Tremont	2025	16.9 parts per billion (annual mean)	NYC Department of Health, Environment and Health Data Portal, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual mean (indicator 2025, measure 1431; source: New York City Community Air Survey), from github.com/nychealth/EHDP-data, accessed 2026-10-21
New York City subway ridership	1920	1330 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	1925	1680 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	1930	2050 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	1935	1820 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	1940	1860 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	1945	1940 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	1946	2070 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	1950	1680 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	1955	1380 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	1960	1350 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	1965	1360 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	1970	1260 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	1975	1050 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	1980	1010 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	1982	989 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	1985	1010 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	1990	1030 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	1995	1090 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	2000	1400 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	2005	1450 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	2010	1610 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	2011	1640 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	2012	1650 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	2013	1710 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	2014	1750 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	2015	1760 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	2016	1760 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	2017	1730 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	2018	1680 million rides per year	Wikipedia, History of the New York City Subway, annual ridership table (underlying MTA citations not checked)
New York City subway ridership	2019	1700 million rides per year	MTA, Subway and bus ridership for 2024, summary of subway ridership
New York City subway ridership	2020	640 million rides per year	MTA, Subway and bus ridership for 2024, summary of subway ridership
New York City subway ridership	2021	760 million rides per year	MTA, Subway and bus ridership for 2024, summary of subway ridership
New York City subway ridership	2022	1010 million rides per year	MTA, Subway and bus ridership for 2024, summary of subway ridership
New York City subway ridership	2023	1150 million rides per year	MTA, Subway and bus ridership for 2024, summary of subway ridership
New York City subway ridership	2024	1190 million rides per year	MTA, Subway and bus ridership for 2024, summary of subway ridership

Tags are provisional. Two separate automated passes coded every case and an editor settled the differences. Human coders review them next.

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Impact over time: Thomas Midgley Jr.

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Impact over time: Ferdinand Silcox

Impact over time: Thomas H. Jukes

Impact over time: Ethan Zuckerman

Impact over time: Sten Gustaf Thulin

Impact over time: Robert Moses

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